Gregory Alexinsky

Russian revolutionary, former Duma deputy, Social-Democrat, Bolshevik (1905-1908).

Grigory Aleksinsky was born in 1879 in Dagestan in the family of a doctor.

After graduating from the Yaroslavl gymnasium with a gold medal in 1898, he entered the history and philology faculty of Moscow University. For participation in the riots, he was expelled from the university twice - in 1899 and 1902. The first time he was expelled from Moscow, the second time he was sentenced to six months in prison. Released ahead of schedule, he lived in Yaroslavl. In 1904 he passed his final exams at Moscow University.

Member of the RSDLP, in 1905-1907 - a Bolshevik. In 1905 he worked as an agitator in the Moscow organization of the Bolsheviks. After October 1905 he moved to St. Petersburg. Member of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, employee of the Bolshevik publications "Volna", "Bulletin of Life", "New Life" and others.

In the spring of 1906 he was sent to Yekaterinoslav, where he was elected a delegate to the IV Party Congress (1906). In July - August 1906 in Moscow, a member of the Central Regional Bureau of the RSDLP. On August 17, 1906, he was arrested, but released due to illness. In 1907 he was a deputy of the II State Duma, elected by the workers' curia from St. Petersburg.

On June 1, 1907, P.A.Stolypin read out an ultimatum in the Second State Duma, in which, under the threat of dissolution of the Duma, he demanded that 55 Social Democratic deputies be removed from the Duma sessions and 16 of them brought to trial (see June Third Coup); Aleksinsky was one of the last 16 persons. Aleksinsky, who from the beginning of May was in London at the V Congress of the RSDLP as a delegate with an advisory voice, accidentally delayed his return to Russia, and, unlike many party comrades, escaped arrest. After that, Aleksinsky, who had turned into a criminal wanted by the police, could no longer return to Russia, and until the February Revolution was in exile.

After a short but rather difficult feud between Bogdanov and Aleksinsky, the first one left the Vperyod group, and after that Aleksinsky developed his outstanding abilities as a disorganizer to the climax: he managed to gradually quarrel and break Comrades Menzhinsky, Pokrovsky away from us, and in the end the most ridiculous and in a rather nefarious way to break up with me too.

- recalled Lunacharsky

Member of the Stuttgart (1907) and Basel (1912) congresses of the Second International. In 1909 Aleksinsky, together with AA Bogdanov, headed the Vperyod group. As a representative of the group, he took part in the Vienna Conference of the RSDLP (1912), the Brussels "unification" conference of Russian Social Democracy (1914).

Grigory Alekseevich Aleksinsky - State Duma deputy

During the First World War, he took a "defensist" position on the extreme right flank of Russian social democracy, together with G.V. Plekhanov, A.A. Argunov and others, he publishes the social-patriotic magazine Prizyv in Paris and collaborates in Russkaya will ”, a newspaper published in 1916 by the Octobrist AD Protopopov. Already in Paris, he specialized in the search for German agents, which earned himself a bad reputation; as L. D. Trotsky asserted, all journalistic organizations in Paris expelled Aleksinsky from their ranks as a slanderer. For the same reason, upon his return to Russia, his party comrades, the Mensheviks, did not admit him to the Petrograd Soviet.

After the February Revolution he returned to Russia. He joined Plekhanov's Unity group. NN Sukhanov said about the attitude of the socialist parties towards him: “One fine day the well-known second-thinker Aleksinsky appeared and, based on his deputy rank, demanded that he be admitted to the Executive Committee. However, after discussion due to his past activities, unlike others, he was refused ... ".

He led systematic agitation against the Bolsheviks. On July 5 (18), together with the right-wing Socialist-Revolutionary Pankratov, he published in the tabloid newspaper Zhivoye Slovo the testimony of Ensign Ermolenko, designed to expose V. I. Lenin of ties with German intelligence. Subsequently, he expanded the circle of "German agents" to include the Mensheviks, which made Fyodor Dan declare in Izvestia (the official organ of the Central Executive Committee and the Petrograd Soviet) a protest: "It's time to put an end to the exploits of a man officially declared a dishonest slanderer."

Aleksinsky's exposure of the Bolsheviks made a great impression on the troops of the Petrograd garrison. At a meeting of representatives of the regimental committees in the Preobrazhensky regiment, Aleksinsky, rising to the podium, and turning to the present members of the Council of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies, severely reprimanded them, eloquently proving that “there can be no unity and that we will not save Russia while the Soviet is in our midst shelters the Bolsheviks. Let him expel these vile elements from the Tauride Palace - then we will be able to extend our hand to the Soviet for joint work to establish order in Russia. Until this is done, he considers all the speeches of the members of the Council to be false and false. "

On July 8, 1917, almost unanimously, Aleksinsky was elected to the Petrograd Soviet from the Directorate of Track and Traction Services of the North-Western Railways. However, the story did not end there. Having received the approval of his new powers from the credentials committee of the Narva district of Petrograd, Aleksinsky was not, in turn, approved as a deputy by a similar commission of the Executive Committee of the Moscow Soviet. In this regard, the Meeting of Delegates of the All-Russian Social-Democratic Organization "Unity", held on July 20-24, adopted a corresponding resolution protesting against such a decision, in which it saw "a new manifestation of the tactics of systematic persecution that is adhered to in relation to the" Unity "organization. called "internationalists" ".

In 1918, Aleksinsky was arrested by the Cheka, but, released on bail, entered the Soviet service.

In 1919 he made his way to Estonia, from that time in exile. Member of the Constantinople Russian Council. In 1920, we were tried in absentia by the Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal in the Tactical Center case, found guilty of counter-revolutionary conspiracies and deprived of the right to enter Soviet Russia.

He was the chairman of the Russian Council in Paris. Collaborated in the newspapers Obshche Delo, Russkaya Gazeta

Some of Aleksinsky's papers are kept in the Harvard University Library.