andrei alexeïevitch amalrik
Born into the family of the famous historian and archaeologist A.S. Amalrik. Mother - Zoya Grigorievna Amalrik (nee Shableeva) (1900-1961). As a thirteen-year-old boy, he organized an amateur home puppet theater and staged his plays.
Studied at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University. He was expelled for the term paper "Normans and Kievan Rus", where he defended his version of the "Norman theory", according to which the chronicle chronology is fictitious, the legend about the vocation of the Varangians was a saga that existed among the Scandinavians in Novgorod and was recorded by the compiler of the Novgorod code of 1050, and Rurik could appear in Novgorod and Ladoga in the 920s - 930s. The first Kiev prince was Askold, who was killed by Prophetic Oleg before the capture of Kiev. According to Amalrik's assumption, Oleg died during the Rus campaign to the Caspian Sea in 911/912 and Dir became his successor. In turn, Dir fell victim to Igor, who was on a major campaign to the south.
Amalrik's expulsion from Moscow State University is mentioned in his memoirs by A.A. Zimin: “Once he came to me with an essay on Normanism, in which he thrashed Rybakov. I told him that, of course, he may be right, but one needs to learn, and they do not prove the truth by "hitting the hussars". But, obviously, systematic study was not to his liking. His further life is a page in the life of our country, and it has nothing to do with the history of our feudal science. " L. S. Klein in his monograph "The Dispute about the Varangians", recalling how he prepared her manuscript for publication, noted the following: "In the same 1960, when I wrote my book at Leningrad University, at Moscow University a student of the Faculty of History submitted term paper on the same topic and with the same bias - to reveal the truth about the Vikings and their role. He was instantly expelled from the University, and later, having become a famous dissident, went through a psychiatric hospital, camps and was expelled from the country. This is Andrey Amalrik. My conclusions were the same as those of Amalrik, but the faculty was somewhat more liberal, and I was older, more experienced. During my school years, I had the leadership of the underground youth organization "Prometheus", which was disclosed only in hindsight. No one was arrested, although they ended up, of course, for a long time under the supervision of the NKVD. There was also a risky, but successful action (during his student years) against Marrism, which was then still considered the "iron inventory of Marxism". "
After expulsion from Moscow State University, he wrote plays in the spirit of the "theater of the absurd". He collected avant-garde artists, in particular, acquired paintings from his friend Anatoly Zverev. In May 1965, he was arrested and sentenced to two and a half years of exile in Siberia for parasitism; he lived in the village of Guryevka, Krivosheinsky District, Tomsk Region. In June 1966 he was released early and returned to Moscow. He worked as a freelance employee at the Novosti Press Agency, this work allowed him to create a circle of acquaintances among foreign correspondents. I conveyed the AD Sakharov's Memorandum to a foreign correspondent. Published abroad.
Together with Pavel Litvinov, he wrote the collection The Trial of Four about the trial of Alexander Ginzburg, Yuri Galanskov, Alexei Dobrovolsky and Vera Lashkova. In October 1968 he handed over the collection to foreign correspondents with whom he talked a lot. At the end of 1968 he was dismissed from the APN and began to work as a postman.
In April-June 1969, he wrote a highly resonant essay book "Will the Soviet Union exist until 1984?", Where he pointed out the inevitable collapse of the USSR (for example, as a result of a possible war with China), published his other works in the West and in samizdat, which led him to the conclusion.
On May 21, 1970, he was arrested and convoyed to Sverdlovsk. At the trial on November 11-12, 1970, he was tried together with Lev Ubozhko, who was distributing Amalrik's works. He pleaded not guilty. In the last word Amalric said:
... Neither the "witch hunt" conducted by the regime, nor its particular example - this trial - evoke in me the slightest respect, not even fear. I understand, however, that such courts are designed to intimidate many, and many will be intimidated - and yet I think that the process of ideological emancipation that has begun is irreversible.
He was sentenced by the court to 3 years in camps under Article 190-1 of the RSFSR Criminal Code (“spreading deliberately false fabrications that discredit the Soviet social and state system”). He served a sentence in the Novosibirsk and Magadan regions. On May 21, 1973, on the day of the end of his term, a new criminal case was initiated against Amalrik under the same article 190-1 of the RSFSR Criminal Code. In July 1973 he was again sentenced to 3 years in the camps. After a four-month hunger strike of protest and requests for clemency from all over the world (including from 247 PEN members), the sentence was changed to 3 years of exile in Magadan. He spent most of his term in a penal colony located near the village of Talaya.
He returned to Moscow in May 1975. However, the Ministry of Internal Affairs refused to deliver his passport and restore his Moscow residence permit. Instead, he was ordered to live 100 km from Moscow in the village of Vorsino, Borovsky District, Kaluga Region.
In early 1976, Yuri Orlov, Andrei Amalrik, Valentin Turchin, Anatoly (Natan) Sharansky came up with the idea of creating special non-governmental groups to collect information on human rights violations in various countries (primarily in the USSR) and to inform the governments of the countries participating in the Helsinki agreements. Such an organization, which limited its activities to the territory of the USSR only, was called the Public Group for Assistance to the Implementation of the Helsinki Agreements in the USSR (later the Moscow Helsinki Group).
In July 1976, Amalrik was forced to leave the USSR. In emigration he continued his public and journalistic activities, wrote a book of memoirs "Notes of a Dissident", wrote a book-research "Rasputin". On November 12, 1980 he died in a car accident in Spain. Rehabilitated by the court in 1991.
Wife - Amalrik (Makudinova) Guzel Kavylevna, since 1976 she lived in France. She died on May 14, 2014 at the age of 72 [14].